Cybersecurity Glossary

 Arbitrary code execution is the ability for a program or script to execute any code of the user's choosing. This can be a powerful and dangerous feature, as it allows the user to potentially perform any action that the program is capable of.  

An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a type of cyber attack in which an unauthorized individual or group gains access to a network or computer system and remains undetected for an extended period of time, typically weeks or even months, while collecting sensitive information.  

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system. This is often done through the use of credentials, such as a username and password, which the user provides to the system. The system then checks these credentials against a list of authorized users and, if the credentials match, grants the user access to the system or restricted resources. 

Application security refers to the measures taken to secure the software applications that run on a device or system. This includes measures to protect the application from external threats, such as hackers, as well as internal threats, such as malicious insiders or software bugs. 

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely-used symmetric encryption algorithm that is used to protect sensitive data, such as financial transactions, personal information, and government communications. AES was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001 as a replacement for the aging Data Encryption Standard (DES). 

The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) is an international organization that was formed in 2003 to fight against the growing threat of phishing attacks. Phishing attacks are a type of cyber attack in which attackers use fraudulent emails, websites, or other forms of communication to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials, financial data, or personal information. 

An antivirus software (or anti-virus) is a type of computer program that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software (malware) from a computer system. Malware can include viruses, Trojans, worms, ransomware, and other types of malicious software that can harm a computer or compromise its security. 

A botnet is a network of compromised computers that are controlled by a third party, typically without the owners' knowledge or consent. The computers in a botnet are often referred to as "bots" or "zombies," and they can be used to perform a variety of malicious activities, such as sending spam emails, participating in distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, or distributing malware. 

A bug bounty program is a reward program offered by companies or organizations to incentivize and encourage ethical hackers, security researchers, and other skilled individuals to find and report vulnerabilities in their computer systems or software applications. These programs are designed to help organizations identify and address security flaws before they can be exploited by malicious actors. 

A brute force attack is a type of cyber attack that involves trying every possible combination of characters or values in order to guess a password or decrypt a message. This type of attack is often used by attackers when other, more sophisticated methods have failed or are not practical.
 

Blue teaming refers to the defensive aspect of cybersecurity, where a team of experts works to detect, prevent and respond to threats to an organization's security. The role of the blue team is to monitor the organization's systems and networks for any signs of a breach or attack, and then take appropriate action to contain and mitigate the threat. 

A computer worm is a type of malware that spreads copies of itself from one computer to another, typically over a network. Unlike viruses, which require the user to execute a piece of code, worms can replicate and spread automatically, without any human interaction. 

A Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) is a professional certification that demonstrates expertise in the field of information security and computer network defense. A CEH is an individual who has been trained to think and act like a malicious hacker, but with the goal of identifying and addressing security vulnerabilities in an organization's computer systems and networks. 

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency or CISA, is a division of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). CISA was established in 2018 by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act, which reorganized and elevated the former National Protection and Programs Directorate to become a standalone agency. 

A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is a senior executive responsible for the information security and cybersecurity of an organization. The CISO is typically responsible for developing and implementing the organization's information security strategy and overseeing the management of its security operations. 

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) is a highly-regarded certification in the field of information security. It is a vendor-neutral certification that is offered by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium, also known as (ISC)². 

CAPTCHA stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart". It is a type of challenge-response test used to determine whether or not the user attempting to access a website or online service is a human or a computer program (bot). 

Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of someone's computer to mine cryptocurrency. It is typically done by installing malware on the victim's computer that uses the processor to mine cryptocurrency. The cryptocurrency is then transferred to the attacker's wallet. 

CERT stands for Computer Emergency Response Team, which is a group of information security experts responsible for managing and responding to cyber security incidents within an organization or community. 

A Chief Security Officer (CSO) is a senior executive responsible for the overall security and safety of an organization. The CSO is typically responsible for developing and implementing the organization's security strategy, policies, and procedures and overseeing the management of its security operations. 

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) refers to the knowledge and insights that organizations gather about potential and emerging cyber threats, such as specific tactics, techniques, and procedures used by threat actors. CTI is used to help organizations proactively identify, assess, and respond to potential threats and to develop strategies to improve their overall cybersecurity posture. 

Data scraping is the process of extracting data from websites. It involves making HTTP requests to a website's server, downloading the HTML of the web page, and parsing that HTML to extract the data you need. Data scraping is often used to extract data from websites that do not provide APIs or do not allow access to their data in any other way. 

Defense in depth is a cybersecurity strategy that involves implementing multiple layers of defense at different points within a system or network in order to protect against cyber threats. The idea behind defense in depth is that no single layer of defense is foolproof, and that by implementing multiple layers of protection, it is possible to create a more secure overall system. 

DDoS stands for "Distributed Denial of Service." It is a type of cyber attack in which a large number of compromised computers, also known as a "botnet," are used to flood a website or server with traffic, overwhelming its capacity to handle requests and rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users.  

A disaster recovery plan is a documented and structured approach to responding to and recovering from an unexpected event that disrupts business operations. The plan outlines the processes and procedures that an organization will follow to restore critical systems and functions in the event of a natural disaster, cyber attack, or other catastrophic event. 

 A domain controller is a server that manages security and authentication for a Windows domain, which is a group of computers that share a common security policy, user database, and access to shared resources. 

Email spoofing is the creation of an email message with a false sender address. The goal of email spoofing is to trick the recipient into thinking the email is legitimate and from a trusted source, when it is actually from someone else entirely. 

Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a process for identifying, assessing, and managing risks that could affect an organization's ability to achieve its objectives. ERM involves a comprehensive approach to risk management that considers risks across all areas of the organization, including strategic, operational, financial, and compliance risks.

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a cybersecurity technology that helps organizations detect and respond to security threats on endpoints such as desktops, laptops, servers, and other computing devices. EDR solutions use advanced threat detection techniques and behavioral analysis to monitor endpoint activity and detect malicious or suspicious behavior. 

Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into a secure, encrypted form that can only be accessed or read by someone with the appropriate decryption key. Encryption is used to protect the confidentiality of data by making it unreadable to anyone who does not have the key.

A firewall is a security system that controls access to a computer or a network by examining incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocking or allowing it based on a set of predefined security rules. Firewalls can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. 

A fork bomb is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits a vulnerability in a computer system's process management. It works by creating a large number of processes in a short period of time, overwhelming the system's resources and causing it to crash or become unresponsive. 

Full disk encryption (FDE) is a security technology that encrypts all data on a hard drive or other storage device. FDE encrypts every sector of the hard drive, making it impossible for an attacker to access the data without the proper credentials. 

Fast flux is a technique that is used by some types of malware to hide the location of malicious servers and make them more difficult to track and take down. It works by using a large number of compromised servers or other devices as proxies, which rapidly change the IP addresses associated with a particular domain name. 

Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS) is a cloud-based security service that provides firewall protection for an organization's network infrastructure. Instead of managing on-premise firewalls, FWaaS is delivered as a service and managed by a third-party provider, typically in a public or private cloud environment. 

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all individuals within the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).  

A network gateway is a device that connects two or more networks and acts as a point of entry and exit for data passing between them. From a cybersecurity perspective, network gateways are important because they are often the first line of defense against cyber threats attempting to enter or leave a network. 

Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) from a security perspective is a  framework that provides an integrated approach to managing information security risks, regulatory compliance, and organizational governance. 

A honeypot is a security resource that is designed to attract and trap malicious actors or automated threats in order to study their activity and learn how to better protect against similar attacks. Honeypots are often used to detect and deflect cyber threats, such as malware, phishing attacks, and botnets. 

HTTP Secure (HTTPS) is a protocol for securely transmitting data over the internet. It is based on the standard HTTP protocol, but includes the use of an SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) encryption layer to secure the data being transmitted. 

An insider threat is a security threat that comes from within an organization, rather than from an external attacker. Insiders may include employees, contractors, business partners, or anyone with authorized access to an organization's network, systems, or data.

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a security technology that monitors network traffic and system activity to detect and respond to potential security threats. An IDS can be used to detect a variety of attacks, including malware infections, network intrusions, and other unauthorized activities. 

Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a suite of protocols that is used to provide security for internet communications. It is designed to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity of data transmitted over the internet, and is commonly used to implement virtual private networks (VPNs) and other secure networking solutions. 

Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a set of processes and technologies used to manage digital identities and control access to resources within an organization. IAM solutions provide a framework for creating, storing, and managing digital identities for employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders. 

An incident response plan (IRP) is a structured approach for responding to cybersecurity incidents and other security-related events that could potentially impact an organization. An IRP is designed to help organizations quickly and effectively respond to security incidents, minimize damage, and restore normal operations as soon as possible. 

 An Information Systems Security Officer (ISSO) is a professional responsible for ensuring the security of an organization's information systems and data. The ISSO is responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining the organization's information security program, policies, and procedures. 

IT Asset Management (ITAM) is the process of managing an organization's hardware and software assets to ensure that they are used efficiently, cost-effectively, and securely. ITAM involves the tracking, maintenance, and disposal of an organization's IT assets, which can include hardware devices, software licenses, and other IT resources. 

IT Service Management (ITSM) is a set of practices and policies for managing and delivering IT services to customers, users, and other stakeholders within an organization. ITSM aims to align IT services with the needs of the business and to deliver those services efficiently and effectively. 

JavaScript is a programming language that is commonly used in web development. It is used to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to websites, such as animations, form validation, and responding to user input. 

A jump bag (also known as a "go bag" or "bug-out bag") is a portable kit that contains essential equipment and supplies that are needed to respond to a cybersecurity incident or other emergency.  

A keylogger is a type of software or hardware that is used to record the keystrokes that a user types on their computer or device. It is typically used by attackers to capture sensitive information, such as passwords and login credentials, that the victim types on their keyboard.  

Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that is designed to provide secure, authenticated communication over the internet or other untrusted networks. It is commonly used in enterprise networks to provide secure access to resources such as servers, databases, and other types of networked systems. 

A logic bomb is a type of malicious software that is designed to trigger a harmful event when certain conditions are met. The event could be anything from deleting a file or shutting down a system to stealing data or encrypting a hard drive for ransom. 

Least privilege is a security principle that states that users and processes should be granted the minimum level of access and privileges necessary to perform their required tasks. The idea behind least privilege is to minimize the potential for accidental or intentional misuse of privileges, and to reduce the impact of security breaches. 

Malware is short for "malicious software." It is any software that is designed to harm or exploit a computer system, often without the owner's knowledge or consent. There are many different types of malware, including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, and spyware. 

Mandatory access control (MAC) is a type of access control model that is used to enforce a predetermined set of security rules for accessing resources in a computer system. In a MAC system, access to resources is based on a fixed set of security policies that are defined by the system administrator or another designated authority. 

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security system that requires a user to provide multiple forms of identification to access a digital account or system. It is a process that adds an extra layer of security to the authentication process by requiring a user to provide at least two of the following factors.

Managed Detection and Response (MDR) is a cybersecurity service that provides a holistic approach to threat detection, response, and remediation. MDR providers use a combination of technology, processes, and expertise to monitor and respond to potential security threats. 

A Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP) is a company that provides a range of security services to its clients on a subscription basis. MSSPs offer a comprehensive set of security solutions, including threat detection and response, security information and event management (SIEM), vulnerability management, risk assessment, and compliance management. 

Network security is the practice of protecting the integrity and availability of a computer network and its associated devices, data, and services. It involves protecting against a variety of threats, such as malicious attacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches.  

A network-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is a security tool that is designed to monitor network traffic and detect signs of cyber attacks or other security threats. Network-based IDSs work by analyzing network traffic and looking for patterns or anomalies that might indicate the presence of a security threat. 

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a United States intelligence agency responsible for gathering, analyzing, and protecting national security information and communications. The NSA operates under the authority of the Department of Defense and reports to the Director of National Intelligence.

Network Access Control (NAC) is a security solution that enforces policies to control access to a network by devices and users. NAC solutions are designed to ensure that only authorized users and devices can access a network and its resources, while blocking or restricting access to unauthorized or potentially risky devices and users.

NIST stands for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. NIST is responsible for promoting and maintaining measurement standards, as well as developing technology and innovation in various fields, including cybersecurity. 

A Next Generation Firewall (NGFW) is a type of firewall that is designed to provide advanced threat protection and application visibility and control. NGFWs build upon traditional firewalls by incorporating additional security features such as intrusion prevention, deep packet inspection, and web filtering.

Open source refers to a type of software whose source code is made available to the public, meaning anyone can view and modify the code. This can be beneficial from a cybersecurity perspective because it allows for many people to review the code and identify any potential vulnerabilities.  

A one-way function (also known as a "trapdoor function") is a mathematical function that is easy to compute in one direction, but is difficult or infeasible to invert or reverse. One-way functions are used in a variety of applications, including cryptography and cybersecurity. 

Operational security (OPSEC) refers to a set of security principles and practices that are designed to protect sensitive information and operations from unauthorized access, exploitation, or compromise. OPSEC is used to ensure that critical assets, operations, and activities are protected against a wide range of threats, including espionage, cyberattacks, terrorism, and other forms of unauthorized access or exploitation. 

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) refers to intelligence gathering and analysis that is based on publicly available information from open sources, such as newspapers, social media, and other publicly accessible sources of information. OSINT can be used to support a wide range of activities, including security and intelligence operations, due diligence and risk assessment, and market research. 

Personally identifiable information (PII) is any data that can be used to identify a specific individual. This can include things like a person's name, address, phone number, email address, social security number, and financial information.  

Pharming is a type of cyber attack that involves redirecting traffic from a legitimate website to a malicious one. It is typically done by manipulating the Domain Name System (DNS) records of a website, causing the website's traffic to be redirected to a different server that is controlled by the attacker.

Penetration testing (also known as "pen testing") is the practice of testing a computer system, network, or web application to identify vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit. The goal of penetration testing is to evaluate the security of a system or application and identify any weaknesses that could be exploited by an attacker.

Phishing is a type of cyber attack that involves tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials, financial information, or personal data. Phishing attacks are typically carried out through the use of fraudulent emails, websites, or other types of communications that appear to be legitimate, but are actually controlled by the attacker. 

 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a data encryption and decryption computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. It was originally developed by Phil Zimmermann in the 1990s and is now owned by Symantec. 

A port scan is a security tool that is used to identify open ports on a computer or network. An open port is a communication endpoint that is listening for incoming traffic, and can be used to transmit data. 

Public key encryption is a type of cryptographic system that uses a pair of keys (a public key and a private key) to encrypt and decrypt data. It is based on the idea of asymmetric cryptography, which means that the keys used for encryption and decryption are different. 

Public key encryption is a type of cryptographic system that uses a pair of keys (a public key and a private key) to encrypt and decrypt data. It is based on the idea of asymmetric cryptography, which means that the keys used for encryption and decryption are different. 

Privileged Access Management (PAM) refers to the set of policies, processes, and technologies that are used to manage and control access to privileged accounts and sensitive systems. PAM is designed to prevent unauthorized access to critical resources, reduce the risk of insider threats, and improve the overall security posture of an organization. 

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of security standards that are designed to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment.  

 Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of a network to deliver a consistent level of service to a particular application or group of applications. In a cybersecurity context, QoS is important because it can help to ensure that sensitive or mission-critical applications receive the necessary bandwidth and other resources to function properly, even in the face of network congestion or other issues. 

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files. The attackers then demand a ransom from the victim to restore access to the files upon payment. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out using a Trojan that is disguised as a legitimate file, and that is delivered to the victim via email or through an infected website.  

Risk assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating potential risks to an organization's information assets. In the context of cybersecurity, risk assessment involves identifying potential threats to an organization's systems and data, and evaluating the likelihood and potential impact of those threats. 

A rootkit is a type of malware that is designed to gain unauthorized access to a computer system and to allow the attacker to maintain that access while hiding their presence from the victim. Rootkits are often used to gain access to a system at the root level, which allows the attacker to have complete control over the system and to hide their activities from the victim. 

Red teaming is a method of evaluating the effectiveness of a security system, organization or plan by simulating an attack from an adversary. The idea is to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the system that a real attacker could exploit. It involves a team of experts who use a variety of tactics and techniques to try to penetrate the organization's defenses, just as a real attacker would. 

Risk management refers to the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks in order to minimize their impact on an organization. The goal of risk management is to identify potential risks and to take steps to mitigate or eliminate them, reducing the likelihood of negative consequences or losses. 

The Risk Management Framework (RMF) is a structured approach to managing information security risk within an organization. The RMF is designed to provide a comprehensive and consistent process for identifying, assessing, and managing information security risk across an organization.

Recovery Point Objective (RPO) is a key metric used in disaster recovery planning, which measures the maximum allowable amount of data loss in the event of a disruption or outage. RPO is defined as the amount of data that an organization is willing to lose in the event of a disaster or system failure, and is typically expressed in terms of time. 

Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is a key metric used in disaster recovery planning, which measures the maximum allowable downtime of a system, service, or application in the event of a disruption or outage. RTO is defined as the amount of time that an organization is willing to tolerate the interruption of a service or system, and is typically expressed in terms of time. 

Security awareness training is a program designed to educate employees about cyber threats and how to protect against them. The goal of security awareness training is to increase employees' knowledge about security and make them more aware of their role in protecting sensitive information.  

A security token is a physical device that is used to gain access to a computer system or network. It is typically used as an additional form of authentication, in addition to a password, to ensure that only authorized users are able to access the system. There are several different types of security tokens, including hardware tokens, software tokens, and biometric tokens. 

Spyware is a type of malware that is designed to spy on the user's activities, such as their internet usage, keystrokes, and login credentials. It can be used to steal sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, or to track the user's activities and send this information back to the attacker. 

Social engineering is the use of psychological manipulation or deception to influence people into performing actions or divulging sensitive information. It is a common tactic used by attackers to gain access to systems, networks, or sensitive information. 

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for establishing secure links between networked computers. It is commonly used to secure communications over the internet, and is often used to protect sensitive information such as login credentials, financial transactions, and other types of sensitive data. 

A security policy is a set of rules and guidelines that an organization establishes to protect its information assets and systems from cyber threats. In the context of cybersecurity, a security policy is a document that outlines the measures that an organization has put in place to secure its systems and data. 

Situational Awareness (SA) from a cybersecurity perspective refers to the ability to understand and analyze the current state of an organization's cybersecurity environment, and to use that information to detect and respond to security threats and incidents.  

Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a network architecture and security model that combines networking and security capabilities into a single, cloud-based service. SASE is designed to provide secure access to applications and resources, regardless of where they are located, and to protect users and devices from potential security threats. 

Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is a network architecture that is designed to improve the performance, reliability, and security of wide area networks (WANs) by leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) technology. SD-WAN provides a centralized, software-based approach to network management, allowing network administrators to easily configure and manage network resources from a central location. 

Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is a network architecture that is designed to improve the performance, reliability, and security of wide area networks (WANs) by leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) technology. SD-WAN provides a centralized, software-based approach to network management, allowing network administrators to easily configure and manage network resources from a central location. 

Security as a Service (SECaaS) refers to a cloud-based model of delivering security services to organizations. SECaaS is designed to provide a wide range of security services, such as threat detection and response, identity and access management, data loss prevention, and vulnerability management, as a service, which can be accessed through the internet. 

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is a security technology that provides real-time monitoring and analysis of security events and incidents. SIEM collects and aggregates data from a wide range of sources, including network devices, servers, applications, and security devices, and uses analytics and correlation to identify potential security threats and incidents. 

A Security Operations Center (SOC) is a centralized facility or team responsible for monitoring and analyzing an organization's security posture and responding to security incidents in real-time. It is a critical component of many modern security programs, especially those in large organizations or those with high security requirements. 

Single sign-on (SSO) is a system that allows users to authenticate themselves once and then access multiple applications or systems without having to re-enter their login credentials. With SSO, users only need to remember one set of login credentials (such as a username and password), which they can use to access all the applications or systems that support SSO. 

Secure Web Gateway (SWG) is a security solution that is designed to protect users and organizations from web-based threats, such as malware, phishing, and other cyberattacks. It is typically deployed as a network gateway or proxy, which intercepts and inspects all web traffic before it reaches the end user. 

A Trojan horse, or simply a Trojan, is a type of malware that is disguised as legitimate software. It is called a "Trojan" because it typically arrives on a victim's computer hidden inside something else, like a legitimate-looking application or file. 

A threat vector is a means by which a cyber threat can enter or attack a system or network. Threat vectors can take many forms, including email attachments, malicious websites, infected devices, and other types of vectors.
 

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that is used to secure communication over the internet. It is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol and is designed to provide privacy and data integrity between two communicating computer applications. 

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite, which is responsible for reliable data transmission between devices over a network. TCP operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and provides connection-oriented, reliable, and ordered delivery of data.
 

Third-Party Risk Management (TPRM) is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with the use of third-party vendors or partners that have access to an organization's information systems, data, or other assets. In the context of cybersecurity, TPRM involves evaluating and managing the risks associated with the use of third-party vendors or partners that may have access to an organization's sensitive data or systems. 

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a simple and efficient transport protocol that is used by applications to send and receive messages over the internet. It is a connectionless protocol, which means that it does not establish a dedicated end-to-end connection between the sender and the receiver before transmitting data. Instead, it sends individual packets of data called datagrams from the sender to the receiver without checking whether the receiver is ready to receive them. 

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security or DHS, is a cabinet-level agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for protecting the United States and its territories from domestic and foreign security threats. The department was created in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, and it officially began operations in 2003. 

The United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is a military organization that is responsible for conducting cyber operations and defending U.S. military and government computer networks. USCYBERCOM was established in 2009 and is a subordinate unified command under the U.S. Strategic Command. 

A UDP scan is a security tool that is used to identify open User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports on a computer or network. UDP is a connectionless protocol that is used to transmit data over networks, and is often used for real-time applications such as video streaming and online gaming.

User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) is a type of cybersecurity technology that uses machine learning, statistical analysis, and other techniques to identify and analyze patterns of behavior within an organization's networks and systems. UEBA is used to detect abnormal or suspicious behavior that may indicate a security threat or a data breach. 

 A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that allows you to create a secure connection over a less-secure network between your computer and the internet. This can be useful when you are connected to the internet via an untrusted network, such as a public Wi-Fi hotspot at a hotel, airport, or coffee shop. 

Voice Intrusion Protection System (VIPS) is a security tool that is used to protect against unauthorized access to voice communication systems. It is typically used to secure telephone systems and other types of voice communication networks. 

A computer virus is a type of malicious software that is designed to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. Once a computer is infected with a virus, the virus can execute a variety of harmful actions, such as deleting files, stealing sensitive information, or corrupting data.

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard that is used to develop and deliver mobile applications and services to wireless devices such as cell phones and tablets. It provides a framework for delivering content and services to mobile devices over wireless networks, and includes protocols for communication, security, and other features. 

A web of trust is a decentralized system for establishing the authenticity of a digital certificate or other type of digital identity. It is commonly used in the context of public key infrastructure (PKI), which is a system for managing the distribution and use of public keys for secure communication.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security protocol that was designed to provide a level of security for wireless communication that is equivalent to that of a wired network. It was developed in the late 1990s as a way to secure wireless networks, and was widely used until the mid-2000s. 

Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a security tool designed to protect web applications from a range of attacks, including cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and other web-based attacks. A WAF typically sits between the web application and the client, inspecting and filtering traffic to identify and block malicious requests. 

A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi technology. A WAP acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the wired network, allowing wireless devices to access network resources, such as the Internet, printers, or servers. 

A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi technology. A WAP acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the wired network, allowing wireless devices to access network resources, such as the Internet, printers, or servers. 

A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi technology. A WAP acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the wired network, allowing wireless devices to access network resources, such as the Internet, printers, or servers. 

Web Application and API Protection as a Service (WAAPaaS) is a cloud-based security solution that provides protection for web applications and APIs. WAAPaaS is designed to protect against a range of web-based threats, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other attacks. 

WiFi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol used to protect wireless networks from unauthorized access. WPA was developed as an improvement over the earlier Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol, which had several security vulnerabilities. 

WiWiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is a security standard designed to simplify the process of connecting wireless devices to a wireless network. WPS allows users to easily set up a wireless network and connect devices to it, without requiring them to enter complex security keys or passwords. 

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is a security protocol used to provide secure communication between wireless devices, such as mobile phones, and servers over a wireless network. WTLS is a specialized version of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, which is used to secure communication over the Internet. 

X band is a term that is used to refer to a range of frequencies in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the United States, the X band is typically defined as the range of frequencies from 8.0 to 12.0 GHz. It is used for a variety of purposes, including radar, satellite communication, and military communication. 

Extended Detection and Response (XDR) is a cybersecurity technology that provides an integrated approach to threat detection and response. XDR is designed to address the limitations of traditional threat detection and response tools, which are often siloed and unable to provide a comprehensive view of an organization's security posture. 

From a cybersecurity perspective, YAML is generally considered to be a safe and reliable format for storing and exchanging data. It does not include any active content or scripting elements, which makes it less vulnerable to certain types of attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or injection attacks. 

A zero-day exploit is a type of cyber attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in a software or operating system. It is called a "zero-day" exploit because the vulnerability is unknown to the software vendor and to the users of the software, and it is being exploited on the same day that it is discovered. 

Zero trust is a security model that is based on the idea that organizations should not automatically trust any user, device, or network, even those that are inside the organization's perimeter. Instead, zero trust requires that all access to resources be authenticated and authorized before it is granted.